Selenium in the Human Body

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Abundance:

  • Selenium is a trace element, meaning the body needs it in very small amounts.

  • Total body content: about 13–20 milligrams in an average adult.

  • Found mostly in:

    • Skeletal muscle (over 50%)

    • Liver, kidneys, thyroid gland, and pancreas

Method of Administration

  • Primary Route: Intravenous (IV) infusion
    This method provides high systemic absorption and rapid onset of action, allowing the compound to act quickly at the cellular level.

  • Alternative Route: Oral administration
    (Less effective compared to IV delivery.)

Importance of Selenium:

Despite being required in tiny amounts, selenium is essential for various critical functions:

1. Antioxidant Defense:

  • Selenium is a key component of glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme that:

    • Neutralizes harmful free radicals

    • Protects cells from oxidative damage

    • Supports immune system function

2. Thyroid Function:

  • Required for the production and regulation of thyroid hormones.

  • Helps convert thyroxine (T4) into the active form triiodothyronine (T3).

  • Protects the thyroid gland from oxidative stress.

3. Immune System Support:

  • Enhances immune response.

  • Low selenium levels are associated with a weakened immune system and higher susceptibility to infections.

4. Reproductive Health:

  • Important for male fertility: supports sperm motility and testicular function.

  • Also involved in female reproductive health, although less directly understood.

5. Anti-inflammatory Role:

  • Helps regulate inflammation and supports recovery from infection or injury.

6. Cancer Protection (Potential):

  • Some studies suggest selenium may reduce the risk of certain cancers, though evidence is mixed and still being researched.